Electrical RAMS: what to consider before writing, and what a reviewer checks
What a competent person weighs before writing an electrical RAMS for a real job: the supply, the isolation, the survey, the route the plant takes, and the figures that change the answer.
An electrical RAMS is judged on whether somebody thought about this installation, not on whether it contains the right sections. This page sets out what a competent person asks before writing one, the thresholds that change the answer, and the checks a reviewer runs afterwards, each cited to the publication it comes from.
What this work involves on a real site
The supply you work on and the supply you work from are two different systems.
Site power is usually a temporary distribution system: battery tools first, 110 V centre-tapped earth for what cannot be battery, 230 V sockets under an RCD for chargers. The permanent installation you are altering runs at 230 V single-phase or 400 V three-phase. The two are owned by different people, isolated by different means and inspected on different intervals, and a method that describes only one of them has left half the job undescribed.
Isolation is a point on a drawing and a lock in somebody's hand.
Between the two sits the breaker or fuse identity, the lock and its unique key, the caution notice at the point of disconnection, and the name of whoever holds the key while the work runs. HSG85 sets the sequence out in full: identify, cut off and secure the isolation, retain keys and post notices, prove dead, apply earths where necessary, protect against adjacent live parts, and issue a permit where necessary. Anything the method leaves out of that sequence is a step somebody improvises on the day.
Most of the work is above your head or inside a wall.
Containment, luminaires, ceiling voids and risers put the whole of a first fix at height. Drilling and chasing put it inside a fabric that in an existing building may hold asbestos insulating board, a buried cable or a fire compartment line. The access decision and the survey decision are both made before the first fixing goes in, not once the drill is already up.
The ground work is somebody else's until it is yours.
Sub-mains, external lighting, feeder pillars and charge points all end in a trench. Cables are usually 450 mm to 1 m down and are regularly found shallower, and gas, water and comms share the same verge. Whoever scans, marks and hand-digs is doing electrical work whether or not the RAMS calls it that.
The line at the compound gate is on the route, not in the room.
A telehandler carrying containment, a tower wheeled between blocks, a MEWP tracking out to a lighting column: none of these appears in a hazard list built from the task, and all of them travel under whatever is overhead. GS6 measures its planning distance at ground level from below the nearest wire, and it applies to passage as much as to work.
You are one trade among several, and the supply is shared.
A shutdown window is agreed with the principal contractor and it constrains everybody: the trade that needs the lights on, the trade whose extract stops, the crew whose hoist runs off the board you are locking off. Re-energisation is where the second party gets hurt, because the person who put the lock on and the person who wants the power back are rarely the same person.
The questions a competent person asks before writing
No answers are filled in below, because the answers are properties of your job and not of this trade. A RAMS that cannot answer them is a RAMS about the trade rather than about the work.
Scope and supply
- Which circuits and items of equipment does this job touch, and which of them feed something that cannot lose supply?
- Who owns the installation: the client, the principal contractor, or the distribution network operator? Who authorises isolation, and who authorises re-energisation?
- Is any part of the work above 1000 V, and if so whose safety rules and whose permit system apply?
- What is the shutdown window, who agreed it, and what happens to the method if it moves?
Working dead
- What is the point of isolation for each circuit, and can it be secured with a lock that has a unique key?
- How far is the point of work from the point of isolation, and does that distance call for a local earth applied after proving dead at the point of work?
- Who proves dead, with which instrument, and against which proving unit or known live source, before and after?
- Does anything in the work store charge after disconnection, and who discharges it?
- Is a permit-to-work required here, or would one contribute to safety even where it is not the usual practice on low-voltage systems?
- Which live parts remain exposed beside the work once the circuit is dead, and what physically stops somebody reaching them?
If anyone is arguing for live work
- Which of the three conditions is being claimed, and on what evidence: that it is unreasonable for the conductor to be dead, that it is reasonable to be at work on or near it live, and that suitable precautions have been taken?
- Which specific tests genuinely cannot be done with the equipment dead, and who decided that?
- Who accompanies the person working, and what are they trained to do if it goes wrong?
- What is the prospective fault current at the point of work, and who supplied that figure?
What is behind the surface
- Does a refurbishment and demolition asbestos survey cover the area being drilled, chased or opened, and what did it find there?
- What happens, and who stops the work, if the material behind the surface is not what the survey says?
- For external routes, which utilities are indicated in the verge, at what depth, and who scans and hand-digs before the breaker comes out?
- Is any work, or the passage of any plant, within 10 m of an overhead line measured horizontally at ground level?
- Which penetrations cross a fire compartment line, and who reinstates them?
Access and rescue
- Ladder, tower or MEWP for each part of the work, and who made that decision against the hierarchy rather than against what is on the van?
- If the basket is occupied when the machine fails, who lowers it, from where, and how long does that take?
- Which platforms need an inspection record before the shift starts, and who holds it?
The people and the handback
- Which named person holds each control, and what triggers it?
- Who is working alone, when, and who knows where they are?
- Who authorises re-energisation, what do they check first, and how is the handback recorded?
- Who briefs the crew, and would somebody in that briefing be able to say afterwards what the plan is?
What gets missed, and why absence has no appearance
Slips, trips and manual handling come back in every document. The second supply and the overhead line at the compound gate do not, and nothing in the finished page indicates they are absent. That is the failure worth designing against.
- The second supply into the board you isolated.
- A retained sub-main, a landlord's supply, a generator under somebody else's control, an item inside your work area fed from another panel. A hazard row saying electric shock is present either way, so nothing in the finished document indicates that a source went unaccounted for. HSG85 says prove every supply conductor dead on a three-phase system or on equipment with more than one supply, which is the same warning read from the other end.
- The overhead line on the route rather than at the work.
- Hazard lists are built from the task, and the task happens inside a building. The line is over the gate the telehandler comes through. Nobody measures a distance they have not thought of, and GS6's is measured at ground level from below the nearest wire, which is not a distance anybody eyeballs.
- The asbestos insulating board behind the fixing.
- The survey is a document about the building and the RAMS is a document about the task. Drilling enters the method as a fixing operation rather than as a disturbance of the fabric, so a page of controls can be entirely correct about drilling and never reach the material being drilled.
- The person who puts the supply back on.
- Methods run to test and certification and then stop, because that is where the trade's work ends. The gap between the last lock coming off and the supply going back is where somebody who never read this document is standing at the board. No row in a register is titled handback, so nothing prompts anybody to notice that it is absent.
- The order, when every control is present.
- A control list has no sequence and the work does. Isolation after dismantling is not isolation, and access built after the work at height has started is not access. A reviewer reading for completeness passes a document that a reviewer reading for order stops, and completeness is much the easier thing to read for.
- What you leave live for the trade that follows.
- The ceiling grid goes back, the riser door closes and the temporary supply stays where it is. What is energised behind a surface somebody else will open is outside your scope and inside their path, and no section of a RAMS has the job of saying so.
Thresholds and triggers
The figures that change the answer rather than describe it. Each is quoted with the publication it comes from, and a figure we could not source is absent rather than approximated.
Voltage
Below these the risk of electric shock falls to a low level, and GS38 recommends testing at reduced voltages where reasonably practicable. Arcing, burns from overheated conductors and ignition of a flammable atmosphere are all still possible, so extra-low voltage is not the same as no hazard.
GS38, Electrical test equipment for use by electricians
Above it, HSR25 treats a formal permit-to-work as essential to a safe system of work, and GS6 says every high-voltage overhead line should be treated as uninsulated whatever it looks like.
HSR25, Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989; GS6, Avoiding danger from overhead power lines
HSR25 says always consider 230 V ac potentially fatally dangerous, and names contact made by each hand, with current flowing across the heart region, as possibly the most dangerous situation there is.
HSR25
Where fault current is inherently limited to these values, HSR25 says it does not usually present a risk of shock injury to a person in good health exposed briefly and occasionally. It also notes that even this may give a perceptible shock, and a perceptible shock at height is a fall.
HSR25
Test equipment and proving dead
GS38 requires probes insulated to leave no more than 4 mm exposed measured across any surface of the tip, and strongly recommends reducing that to 2 mm or less, or using spring-loaded retractable screened probes. An excessive length of bare metal bridges a live conductor to adjacent earthed metalwork, which is how the arc starts.
GS38
High-breaking-capacity fuses in probes usually do not exceed 500 mA, and 10 A is typical for a loop impedance or RCD tester. GS38 notes a 500 mA fuse can add up to 2 ohms to the lead, which matters when the same leads are used for resistance measurement, and that glass fuses are not suitable.
GS38
The categories track the overvoltage expected at the point of measurement: CAT IV at the source of the low-voltage installation, CAT III in the building installation including distribution boards and socket outlets, CAT II on circuits directly connected to it such as appliances and portable tools. GS38 names using CAT II rated equipment on a CAT III installation as a cause of accidents.
GS38, citing BS EN 61010
A single-pole or non-contact detector, a volt stick, identifies live equipment and must not be used to prove dead. HSG85 also does not recommend a multimeter for proving dead on low-voltage systems, because it can be set to the wrong function. Whatever is used must be proved before and after, preferably on a proving unit, otherwise on a known live source of similar voltage.
GS38; HSG85, Electricity at work: safe working practices
Site power and temporary distribution
HSR25 gives these as the reduced-voltage systems appropriate to construction sites and to highly conducting locations such as boilers and tunnels. HSG141 puts battery tools first and reduced low voltage next, and treats the choice of distribution voltage as a decision to be made rather than a default to be inherited.
HSR25; HSG141, Electrical safety on construction sites
HSR25 gives this as the typical rating and is explicit that an RCD is an additional protective measure rather than the sole means of protection, and that the test trip button must be operated regularly. HSG141 puts that check daily on 230 V portable tools, and records a fatality where a mains sump pump had no RCD on the supply or in the extension leads.
HSR25; HSG141
HSG141 sets these intervals for an electrically skilled person, to be kept under review depending on site conditions and on what is found.
HSG141
HSG141: cables crossing a roadway go in ducts with a cable marker at each end, and where the roadway is used by vehicles the ducts should be at least 0.5 m below the surface.
HSG141
HSG141 gives 5.8 m or greater as the clearance underneath a suspended run.
HSG141
Overhead lines
GS6: manage the risks if you intend to work within 10 m, measured at ground level horizontally from below the nearest wire. It is a planning trigger and not a safe distance, and it applies to the route plant takes as much as to the place the work happens.
GS6
Where no work or passage of machinery happens under the line, GS6 puts the ground-level safety zone at 6 m horizontally from the nearest wire on either side. Widen it on the line owner's advice, or to allow for a jib or other moving part swinging into it.
GS6
No part of plant or equipment, including ladders, poles and hand tools, may encroach into these under any circumstances. Allow for uncertainty in measuring the distance and for unexpected movement of the equipment, for example in wind. Insulating guards and proximity warning devices on the plant are not adequate protection on their own.
GS6, citing ENA, Look Out Look Up!
GS6 Figure 4. A 132 kV line is 6.7 m, 275 kV is 7 m and 400 kV is 7.3 m. Transformers and fuses fitted to poles are often below these heights, and the height of a line must be measured by a suitably trained person using a non-contact device rather than estimated from the ground.
GS6
Buried cables
HSG47 gives this as the usual range, with some high-voltage cables deeper, and says never to assume depths because cables are found shallower. A cable is positively located only once it has been safely exposed, and even then there may be others adjacent or lower down.
HSG47, Avoiding danger from underground services
HSG47: where practicable use power tools only 500 mm or more away from the indicated line, then locate the service by careful hand digging under the hard surface. The margin may be reduced only where congestion or surface obstructions make it impracticable, the line has been positively identified by plans and confirmed by a locator, and additional precautions are in place.
HSG47
HSG47 allows a hand-held power tool over a service only where the service has already been exposed and sits at least 300 mm below the bottom of the hard surface being broken out, or where physical precautions stop the tool striking it. Roughly 300 mm is also the clearance HSG47 gives for maintenance access to electricity cables.
HSG47
HSG47: some lines of 11 kV or greater are laid as separate single-phase cables spread up to 600 mm across, particularly near cable joints. Finding one cable is not finding the circuit.
HSG47
Access and the building fabric
Work at height is any place, including at or below ground level, where a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury, and it includes getting to and from that place. There is no height below which the regulations stop applying, which is why terminating at high level off a step is inside the regime.
HSG150, Health and safety in construction; Work at Height Regulations 2005
HSG150 allows a ladder or stepladder only where the assessment shows more suitable equipment is not justified, and then only for short-duration work at 15 to 30 minutes in one position depending on the assessment, for light work, and where a secure handhold is available. It also records that many accidents happen during work lasting less than 30 minutes.
HSG150
A working platform used for construction work, from which a person could fall more than 2 m, must be inspected after assembly in any position, after any event liable to have affected its stability, and at intervals not exceeding 7 days. A mobile platform does not need a new report each time it is moved on the same site.
INDG401, The Work at Height Regulations: a brief guide
L143: any premises whose construction was completed before 2000 should always be presumed to contain asbestos unless there is strong evidence to suggest otherwise, all use of asbestos having been banned in 1999. HSG264 requires a refurbishment and demolition survey before refurbishment work, and extends that to more intrusive maintenance and repair, plant removal and dismantling.
L143, Managing and working with asbestos; HSG264, Asbestos: the survey guide
What a reviewer checks
These are the checks our review answers, in the order it asks them, with the clause that would falsify a pass and the severity floor each carries. A finding may rise above its floor and may never drop below it. Write against them before somebody else reads against them.
Stage 1
Is the scope correct?
Every site-identifying fact belongs to this project: address, postcode, client, principal contractor, asset identities, utility and network operators, hospital, emergency contacts.
criticalNot a pass if: A recorded fact traces to a different site or job, or cannot be reconciled with the project's own documents. A board or panel identity carried over from the last submission is this.
The task this document describes is the task the project asked for.
criticalNot a pass if: They are different work. A method for a task nobody asked for is the wrong document, however sound it is about the task it does describe.
The dates and duration here and in the project programme can both be true.
minorNot a pass if: A recorded date or duration cannot be reconciled with the programme, or precedes the document's own issue date. A shutdown window that closed before the document was issued is this.
Nothing the project requires is work this document declines to cover.
majorNot a pass if: The project requires work the document excludes, so nothing covers it.
The document does not claim scope the project did not give it.
majorNot a pass if: It asserts work it was not given, or authority over work another party holds. Authorising re-energisation of an installation somebody else owns is this.
Where the document states its scope more than once, the restatements agree.
majorNot a pass if: Two restatements disagree: a task described one way in the summary and another in the method, an address that changes, a role held by two different named people, a duration that does not match the programme table.
Stage 2
Has the risk been assessed?
The register assesses every hazard, substance and regulation the document names anywhere in itself, including in the control cells of the register.
majorNot a pass if: Something the document names has no row, and it takes nothing from outside the submission to see it. A hazard named only in another row's controls is this: a control written to deal with something is the document telling you that thing is present on this job.
Each score follows the document's own stated convention.
minorNot a pass if: The arithmetic does not follow the convention the rest of the table establishes, the residual score equals the initial one, or a column holds the same value across hazards of different kinds.
For each row, the control hierarchy meets the harm the row itself names.
majorNot a pass if: A hazard is held up by nothing but PPE, administration and behaviour where elimination, substitution or engineering is reasonably practicable, or by a hedge rather than an act. A low score is not an exemption: where the residual rests on the very controls in question, that score is part of what is being tested.
Stage 3
Does the plan reflect the risks identified?
The method carries out every control the assessment relies on.
majorNot a pass if: A control the register counts on has no step. An assessment promising services isolated and proved dead, with no such step in the method, is a residual score the document has not earned.
The assessment covers every step the method plans.
majorNot a pass if: The method performs work no row assesses. This is the reverse difference and it catches the most: work nobody assessed is unassessed however good the register is about everything else.
Every step touching energised, pressurised or stored-energy equipment names isolation, proving dead, or a permit.
criticalNot a pass if: The step has none of the three. Removing an arc shield from switchgear the document says stays live, with a screwdriver and a pair of pliers, is the failure whatever else the document says about competence and PPE.
Each control appears before the step that needs it.
majorNot a pass if: The control comes after. Isolation after dismantling is not isolation, and access built after the work at height has started is not access. The defect is in the order and not in any one step.
Each control names a person and a trigger, so somebody could carry it out as written.
minorNot a pass if: It is a hedge rather than an act: consideration given to, where possible, as required, wherever practicable. A control nobody is assigned and nothing triggers is a sentence, and the residual score rests on it.
Where a control is that somebody will be rescued, the arrangement named exists and works.
majorNot a pass if: It is unnamed, unworkable, or resourced by people this document does not provide. A MEWP rescue plan pointing at a blank template is a rescue plan that does not exist.
Why Electrical RAMS get rejected
- The isolation is described and never performed.
- The register promises services isolated and proved dead, and the method has no such step. It is the first thing a comparison of the two lists finds, and it turns a residual score into one the document has not earned.
- Live work is asserted rather than justified.
- Where live working is unavoidable, with no statement of which of the three conditions is met, on what evidence, and who decided. Unavoidable is a conclusion, and the document is being asked for the argument that reached it.
- Proving dead has no instrument.
- Proved dead with no device named, or with a multimeter, or with a volt stick. HSG85 does not recommend a multimeter for proving dead on low-voltage systems because it can be set to the wrong function, and GS38 is explicit that a non-contact detector identifies live equipment and must not be used to prove dead.
- The document is about a different job.
- The address, the board identities, the principal contractor or the hospital carried over from the last submission. It is the cheapest defect to find, and it is the one that ends a reviewer's patience with everything else in the file.
- The access plan stops at the platform.
- A tower or a MEWP selected, inspected and never rescued from. The control is that somebody will be brought down, and the arrangement has to exist and be resourced by people this document provides.
- The asbestos survey is referenced rather than read.
- Refurbishment and demolition survey to be consulted, with no statement of what it found in the area being drilled. A reference to a document is not a finding, and a reviewer cannot tell consulted from cited.
- Controls nobody can carry out.
- Consideration given to, where possible, as required, wherever practicable. A control with no person and no trigger is a sentence, and the residual score is resting on it.
- Nothing says who re-energises.
- No named person authorising handback, no check listed before the supply goes back on, and no record of either. The step the method never reaches is the step the review asks about.
The legislation that applies, cited
- EAWR 1989Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
- The duty behind everything on this page. Systems are to be constructed, maintained and used so as to prevent danger, and regulation 14 sets the three conditions that must all be met before anybody works on or near a live conductor.
- HSR25Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
- The HSE's own reading of each regulation, and the source for the voltages: 230 V as potentially fatally dangerous, 55-0-55 reduced low voltage, the 30 mA RCD as an additional measure rather than the protection, and permits as essential above 1000 V.
- HSG85Electricity at work: safe working practices
- The dead working sequence in full, the test that decides whether live work may be permitted at all, and what an electrical permit-to-work must state, who may issue it, and how it is cancelled.
- GS38Electrical test equipment for use by electricians
- Probes, leads, fuses and measurement categories, and the rule that only a contact device proves dead. Named in most competent electrical RAMS and rarely read by the person naming it.
- HSG141Electrical safety on construction sites
- The supply the tools are plugged into: choice of distribution voltage, RCD protection, cable routes and duct depths, and the inspection intervals for the temporary system.
- GS6Avoiding danger from overhead power lines
- Everything the job does outdoors and everything that moves across the site: the planning distance, barriers and goalpost crossings, exclusion zones by voltage, and minimum line heights.
- HSG47Avoiding danger from underground services
- Cable routes in the ground: plans, locators, safe digging practice, the depths cables are actually found at, and what to do the moment one is damaged.
- CDM 2015Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, with guidance in L153
- Who this document is for and who has to read it. It puts the duty to plan, manage and monitor on the contractor, and it makes the principal contractor the reader your submission has to satisfy.
- WAHR 2005Work at Height Regulations 2005, with INDG401
- First fix, containment, luminaires and risers. The hierarchy of avoid, prevent and minimise, and the inspection regime for working platforms.
- CAR 2012Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, with HSG264 on surveys
- Any drilling, chasing or opening up in an existing building. A refurbishment and demolition survey is needed before the work, not after the first hole.
- COSHH 2002Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, with L5
- Dust from chasing, drilling and cutting, and anything else the work disturbs: assessment, control at source, and the limits published in EH40.
- PUWER 1998Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998, with L22
- The tools, the access equipment and the test instruments: suitable for the work, maintained, and used by somebody trained for them.
- BS 7671Requirements for Electrical Installations, the IET Wiring Regulations
- The installation itself: design, verification, inspection and testing. It is a British Standard rather than HSE guidance and it is not free to read, which is why nothing on this page quotes a figure from it. HSG141 and HSR25 both point to it for low-voltage installations.
Before this goes on site
Nothing on this page is a risk assessment for your job. It is what a competent person weighs before writing one. The duties stay with you: the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, CDM 2015 where this is construction work, and BS 7671 for the installation itself. Work dead unless all three of regulation 14's conditions are met, and record which one you are relying on and why.
Common questions
When is live working lawful?
All three conditions have to be met: it is unreasonable in all the circumstances for the conductor to be dead, it is reasonable in all the circumstances for the person to be at work on or near it while live, and suitable precautions have been taken to prevent injury. HSG85 is explicit that if one of the three cannot be met, live working must not be permitted and dead working is essential. Testing and fault finding on a live system is live working.
What actually counts as proving dead?
A device that makes contact with the conductor: a proprietary two-pole voltage detector or test lamp suitable for the working voltage of the system, proved before and after use on a proving unit or a known live source of similar voltage. A volt stick identifies live equipment and must not be used to prove dead, and HSG85 does not recommend a multimeter for the job on low-voltage systems because it can be set to the wrong function. On a three-phase system, or anything with more than one supply, prove every supply conductor.
Do I need a permit-to-work for a low-voltage isolation?
It is not common practice to issue one on low-voltage systems, and HSG85 says they should still be considered where they would contribute to safety in the circumstances. On high voltage a permit should be issued, and only once identification, isolation and securing, notices, proving dead, earthing and protection from adjacent live parts are all done. A permit is a statement that the equipment is safe to work on. It is never authority to work live.
How close can we work to an overhead line?
GS6 puts the planning trigger at 10 m, measured at ground level horizontally from below the nearest wire: inside that the risk has to be managed rather than noticed. Where a barriered safety zone is used it extends 6 m from the nearest wire on either side. The exclusion zones nothing may encroach into are 1 m at low voltage, 3 m at 11 kV and 33 kV, 6 m at 132 kV, and 7 m at 275 kV and 400 kV.
How deep is a buried cable?
Usually between 450 mm and 1 m, with some high-voltage cables deeper, and HSG47 says never to assume because cables are found shallower. A cable is positively located only once it has been safely exposed, and a line at 11 kV or above may be laid as separate single-phase cables spread up to 600 mm apart, so finding one is not finding the circuit.
Does an asbestos survey have to happen before we drill?
A refurbishment and demolition survey is needed before refurbishment or demolition work, and HSG264 extends that to more intrusive maintenance and repair, plant removal and dismantling. Premises completed before 2000 should be presumed to contain asbestos unless there is strong evidence otherwise. The question a RAMS has to answer is not whether a survey exists but what it found in the area being drilled, and what stops the work if the material is not what the survey says.
How often is the site's temporary supply inspected?
HSG141 puts inspection and test of the distribution system by an electrically skilled person at every 3 months, and 12 months for site offices, kept under review depending on site conditions and on what is found. RCDs protecting 230 V portable tools are checked daily using the test button.
Can ladders be used for containment and lighting?
Work at height is any place where a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury, so the question is not the height but the hierarchy: avoid the work at height, then prevent the fall, then minimise it. HSG150 allows a ladder only where the assessment shows more suitable equipment is not justified, and then for short-duration work of 15 to 30 minutes in one position, for light work, and where there is a secure handhold. A working platform from which a person could fall more than 2 m is inspected after assembly, after anything affecting its stability, and at intervals not exceeding 7 days.
Do we need arc-rated clothing?
It is a question about the assessed risk at the point of work, and it is the last control in the hierarchy rather than the first. Nothing about it makes live work lawful: if the three conditions are not met the answer is to work dead, and PPE changes none of the three. Where an assessment does call for arc-rated PPE, the RAMS should record who assessed it and against what.
What does the principal contractor actually check?
Three questions in order: is the scope correct, has the risk been assessed, and does the plan reflect the risks identified. The checks under each are set out above, together with the clause that fails them. The most common failures are not missing sections but differences between two lists inside the same document.
Does the RAMS have to name people?
A control with nobody assigned and nothing triggering it is a sentence, and any residual score resting on it is unearned. Name who applies the lock, who holds the key, who proves dead, who supervises, and who authorises re-energisation.
Related trades
The trades a Electrical package shares a programme, a shutdown or a riser with.
Useful articles
Deep dives picked for Electrical teams.
Build a RAMS for the site you are on
Work through the same considerations in RAMSGen, against the job in front of you, and keep what you ruled out and why.